Rare Side Effect of Diphenhydramine

several people have reported experiencing involuntary muscle contractions, twitches, jerks, or spasms—especially around falling asleep—after taking diphenhydramine (commonly known as Benadryl or used in sleep aids like Nytol or ZzzQuil). This matches what you're describing: muscle contractions in limbs or back that partially wake you up, combined with dizziness or grogginess.

Why This Happens

Diphenhydramine is a first-generation antihistamine with strong anticholinergic effects, which can influence the central nervous system and sometimes lead to:

  • Muscle twitching
  • Restlessness
  • Myoclonic jerks (sudden, brief involuntary contractions)
  • Exaggerated hypnic jerks (normal "sleep starts" that occur as you drift off, but intensified)

These are not the most common side effects (drowsiness, dry mouth, and dizziness are more typical), but they are documented in medical literature, drug side effect databases, and user reports.

Evidence from Reports and Sources

  • User experiences → On forums like Reddit (in communities discussing muscle twitches, insomnia, restless legs, or benign fasciculation syndrome), multiple people link diphenhydramine to increased twitching, body jerks when trying to sleep, or spasms—sometimes worsening existing issues or triggering them when used as a sleep aid. Some note it disrupts sleep by causing these movements right at sleep onset, similar to your experience.
  • Medical documentation → Side effects include muscle twitching, weakness, or involuntary movements (e.g., in Drugs.com and eHealthMe reports from FDA data). Rare but reported cases include acute dystonic reactions (sustained or intermittent muscle contractions) after diphenhydramine use. It can also cause or worsen restlessness (akathisia-like symptoms).
  • Relation to sleep → Hypnic jerks are normal for many people, but certain medications (including some antihistamines and antidepressants) can amplify them, making them more frequent or intense and disruptive to sleep. One user report specifically mentioned severe hypnic jerks starting after using diphenhydramine for insomnia.

What to Consider Next

This seems to be a known (though less common) reaction for some individuals, and it often resolves after stopping the medication. Since it's your second time with this specific issue, it could be idiosyncratic sensitivity.

I'm not a doctor, so please consult a healthcare professional (e.g., your physician or a pharmacist) for personalized advice—they can rule out other causes (like electrolyte imbalances, anxiety, or normal hypnic jerks) and suggest alternatives if you're using it for sleep or allergies. In the meantime, avoiding diphenhydramine might help confirm if it's the trigger.

If symptoms persist or worsen, seek medical attention promptly.


是的,有許多人報告過服用苯海拉明(diphenhydramine,常見於Benadryl或助眠藥如ZzzQuil)後,出現不自主肌肉收縮抽搐痙攣入睡時的突發性抽動(hypnic jerks)等副作用,尤其是在入睡邊緣時,這些抽動會導致部分醒來,並伴隨頭暈或昏沉感。這與您描述的症狀非常相似:四肢或背部肌肉不自主收縮,干擾睡眠並感覺暈眩。

為什麼會發生

苯海拉明是一種第一代抗組織胺藥,具有強烈的抗膽鹼作用,可能影響中樞神經系統,導致:

  • 肌肉抽搐
  • 不寧
  • 肌陣攣(突然短暫的不自主收縮)
  • 加劇正常的入睡抽動(hypnic jerks,本來是許多人入睡時的正常現象,但藥物可能讓它更頻繁或強烈)

這些雖然不是最常見的副作用(最常見的是嗜睡、口乾、頭暈),但在醫學文獻、藥物副作用資料庫及使用者報告中都有記錄。

報告與證據

  • 使用者經驗:在Reddit等論壇(討論肌肉抽搐、失眠或不寧腿症候群的社群),多人提到服用苯海拉明後,入睡時抽搐增加、身體痙攣,或原有問題惡化。有些人描述正好是入睡時的抽動,干擾睡眠,類似您的情況。
  • 醫學記錄:藥物資料庫(如Drugs.com、WebMD)及FDA報告中,列出肌肉抽搐、痙攣、震顫或不自主運動為副作用。少數案例有急性肌張力障礙(持續或間歇性肌肉收縮)。它也可能引起或加重不寧感。
  • 與睡眠相關:入睡抽動本來正常,但某些藥物(包括抗組織胺及抗憂鬱劑)會放大它,讓它更頻繁或強烈。有些報告特別提到用苯海拉明助眠後,出現嚴重入睡抽動。

下一步建議

這似乎是某些人對藥物的個別反應,通常停藥後會改善。由於這是您第二次出現,可能是對此藥敏感。

我不是醫生,請盡快諮詢醫師或藥師,提供您的症狀詳情。他們能排除其他原因(如電解質失衡、焦慮或正常入睡抽動),並建議替代藥物(如果是用來助眠或抗過敏)。同時,暫時避免苯海拉明可確認是否為誘因。

什麼是抗膽鹼作用(Anticholinergic Effect)?

抗膽鹼作用是指某些藥物或物質阻斷體內神經傳遞物質「乙醯膽鹼」(acetylcholine,簡稱ACh)的作用。乙醯膽鹼是副交感神經系統的主要傳遞物質,負責調節許多身體功能,如消化、唾液分泌、心跳減慢、瞳孔收縮等。

當藥物阻斷乙醯膽鹼與其受體(主要是毒蕈鹼型受體,muscarinic receptors)結合時,就會產生抗膽鹼作用。這類藥物稱為抗膽鹼劑(anticholinergics),許多第一代抗組織胺藥(如苯海拉明)就具有強烈的抗膽鹼作用。

作用機制

  • 乙醯膽鹼正常情況下會刺激副交感神經,產生「休息與消化」(rest and digest)的效果,例如:增加唾液、促進腸道蠕動、減慢心跳。
  • 抗膽鹼藥物競爭性地阻斷乙醯膽鹼受體,抑制副交感神經,導致交感神經相對優勢,產生相反效果。
  • 這作用可發生在中樞神經系統(腦部)和周邊神經系統(身體器官)。

常見副作用(症狀)

抗膽鹼作用的副作用可以用一個英文口訣記住:「Hot as a hare(熱如野兔)、Blind as a bat(瞎如蝙蝠)、Dry as a bone(乾如枯骨)、Red as a beet(紅如甜菜)、Mad as a hatter(瘋如帽匠)」,對應以下症狀:

  • 口乾(dry mouth):唾液分泌減少,最常見。
  • 視力模糊、瞳孔放大、畏光(blurred vision, mydriasis)。
  • 便秘、腸道蠕動減慢(constipation)。
  • 尿滯留(urinary retention,排尿困難)。
  • 心跳加速(tachycardia)。
  • 皮膚乾燥、少汗、體溫升高(dry skin, hyperthermia)。
  • 中樞神經影響:頭暈、嗜睡、混亂、記憶力減退、焦慮、幻覺,甚至譫妄(delirium),老年人特別敏感,可能增加失智風險。
  • 其他:偶爾有肌肉抽搐、不寧或睡眠障礙。

這些副作用在老年人、長期使用或多種藥物合用時更明顯,因為老年人對抗膽鹼藥物更敏感。

與苯海拉明的關係

苯海拉明(diphenhydramine)是第一代抗組織胺藥,除了抗過敏作用外,具有強烈抗膽鹼作用,這就是為什麼它常用來助眠(鎮靜效果),但也容易引起口乾、頭暈、嗜睡、肌肉不自主收縮等副作用。您之前提到的入睡時肌肉抽搐、頭暈,可能就與此有關。

如果副作用困擾您,建議諮詢醫師,考慮換用抗膽鹼作用較弱的藥物(如第二代抗組織胺)。請勿自行調整劑量,若有嚴重症狀立即就醫!

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